Advanced materials: nano porous materials supported metal catalysts for decomposition / hydrolysis of liquid phase chemical hydrogen storage materials

In recent years the rapid growth of population economy has led to the increasing dem for energy in the world. However the increasing consumption of fossil fuels has led to a large number of greenhouse gas emissions such as carbon dioxide which has caused many problems such as global warming extreme climate change. Therefore the development of renewable clean energy to replace the traditional fossil fuels has become one of the important topics in recent years. Hydrogen is considered as a promising green energy carrier because of its high energy density renewability. Compared with other fuels hydrogen has the highest specific energy. Combined with its advantages of non pollution high efficiency hydrogen fuel cell has been highly valued developed rapidly. However how to store release hydrogen safely efficiently is still the bottleneck challenge to realize the "hydrogen economy" with fuel cells as the core in the future. Although hydrogen has a high mass energy density the volume energy density of gaseous hydrogen is very low. In order to improve the volumetric energy density of hydrogen a series of physical hydrogen storage methods have been developed such as compression method liquefaction method physical adsorption method of solid materials. However these methods have many disadvantages such as high energy consumption poor safety low adsorption capacity which seriously hinder the establishment of "hydrogen economy". Among all hydrogen storage methods chemical hydrogen storage method in the form of chemical bond has many advantages such as safety convenience high efficiency so on which has the potential of large-scale practical application. In recent years

liquid-phase chemical hydrogen storage materials such as formic acid aminoborane hydrazine hydrate sodium borohydride have attracted extensive attention in academia industry. Hydrogen can be released from aqueous solution of these substances with high selectivity rapidity under mild conditions with suitable catalyst. Compared with other hydrogen storage materials the liquid phase chemical hydrogen storage materials have higher mass / volume hydrogen density lower potential risk lower investment cost. In general the hydrogen production process of liquid hydrogen storage materials can be realized in homogeneous catalytic system heterogeneous catalytic system. However homogeneous catalytic systems often have some disadvantages such as fast deactivation difficult separation recovery of catalyst the use of organic solvents. In contrast heterogeneous catalytic system using supported metal materials as catalysts can effectively solve the above problems which has attracted great interest of researchers in recent years. It is worth noting that when the supported metal catalyst has a smaller metal size more active sites can be exposed per unit mass of metal particles which can significantly improve the efficiency of hydrogen production. However compared with large-size metal particles small-size metal species have higher surface free energy tend to aggregate during the reaction resulting in the decrease of catalytic activity. Nanoporous materials with large specific surface area abundant nano pore structure are considered to be ideal carriers for loading ultra-small metal species. In recent years microporous molecular sieves metal organic frameworks mesoporous silica porous carbons porous organic cages porous organic polymers have been widely used as carriers to synthesize metal nanoparticles metal clusters even metal atoms with ultra-small size. These metal catalysts supported on nanoporous materials show excellent hydrogen production performance good cycle stability in the hydrolysis or decomposition process of various liquid-phase chemical hydrogen storage materials which greatly promotes the development of liquid-phase chemical hydrogen storage field.

in view of this Yu Jihong academician team of State Key Laboratory of inorganic synthesis preparation chemistry of Jilin University systematically summarized the latest research progress of different kinds of metal catalysts supported on nanoporous materials used in decomposition / hydrolysis of liquid-phase chemical hydrogen storage materials for hydrogen production. In this review the latest synthesis strategies advanced characterization methods catalytic performance for hydrogen production of metal catalysts supported on nanoporous materials are introduced in detail. In addition the advantages challenges of nanoporous metal catalysts for hydrogen production in liquid phase analysis are reviewed. This review provides a reference for the application future development of metal catalysts supported on nanoporous materials in liquid phase chemical hydrogen storage.

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